📖 Dental & Aesthetic Glossary (Arabic–English)
148 Arabic–English terms with simple explanations — for students, translators and patients.
🦷 Dental & oral anatomy
Alveolar boneThe part of the jawbone that surrounds and supports tooth roots; it resorbs after tooth loss.العظم السنخيAnatomical crownThe visible part of the tooth above the gum line, covered by enamel.تاج السنCanineThe pointed tooth at the corner of the arch, with the longest root.النابCementumA thin layer covering the tooth root, to which periodontal ligament fibres attach.الملاطDental pulpThe living tissue inside the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels, commonly called the "nerve".لب السن (العصب)DentinThe yellowish tissue beneath the enamel forming most of the tooth; its tiny tubules transmit sensation…العاجEnamelThe hard outer layer covering the tooth crown; the hardest tissue in the human body and…مينا الأسنانFrenumA fold of tissue attaching the lip or tongue to the jaw.لجام الشفة أو اللسانGingivaThe pink tissue surrounding the teeth and covering the jawbone.اللثةIncisorThe flat, sharp front teeth used for cutting — central and lateral incisors.القاطعMandibleThe movable bone holding the lower teeth, articulating with the skull.الفك السفليMaxillaThe bone holding the upper teeth, forming part of the palate, nasal floor and sinuses.الفك العلويMolarThe broad back teeth for grinding, including the first molar that erupts around age 6.الرحى (الضرس)OcclusionHow upper and lower teeth meet when biting.الإطباقPeriodontal ligamentFibres connecting the tooth root to the jawbone and absorbing chewing forces.الرباط اللثويPermanent teethThe 32 adult teeth including wisdom teeth.الأسنان الدائمةPremolarTeeth between canines and molars that help grinding; absent in the primary dentition.الضاحكPrimary teethThe 20 baby teeth that start erupting around 6 months and are shed between ages 6…الأسنان اللبنيةRoot apexThe tip of the tooth root where nerves and vessels enter the pulp.ذروة الجذرSalivaFluid that protects teeth by neutralising acids, remineralising enamel and cleansing the mouth.اللعابTemporomandibular jointThe joint in front of the ear connecting the lower jaw to the skull.المفصل الصدغي الفكيTooth eruptionThe emergence of a tooth through bone and gum into the mouth at an approximate age.ظهور الأسنان (التسنين)🩺 Diseases & conditions
Aphthous ulcerA small painful mouth ulcer that usually heals within 1–2 weeks.قرحة الفم (الحبة)BruxismInvoluntary clenching or grinding of teeth, especially during sleep.صرير الأسنانDental abscessA collection of pus at the root tip or in the gum from bacterial infection, causing…الخراج السنيDental calculusHardened, mineralised plaque that cannot be brushed off and needs professional cleaning.الجيرDental cariesProgressive tooth decay caused by bacterial acids from sugars, starting in enamel and reaching dentin and…تسوس الأسنانDental erosionLoss of enamel from acids in soft drinks, juices or reflux — not from bacteria.تآكل الأسنان الحمضيDental fluorosisWhite or brown enamel spots from excess fluoride during tooth development.تبقّع الفلورDental plaqueA sticky film of bacteria forming daily on teeth, causing decay and gum inflammation if not…البلاك (اللويحة الجرثومية)Dental traumaFracture, loosening or knock-out of a tooth after injury; a knocked-out tooth should reach a dentist…إصابات الأسنانDentin hypersensitivityShort, sharp pain to cold, sweet or brushing due to exposed dentin.حساسية الأسنانDry socketLoss of the blood clot after extraction, causing severe pain 2–4 days later.السنخ الجافEarly childhood cariesRapid decay in young children's teeth, often from sleeping with a bottle or sweet drinks.تسوس الرضّاعةExtrinsic stainSurface discoloration from coffee, tea and smoking, usually removed by cleaning or whitening.التصبغات الخارجيةGingival recessionGum moving away from the tooth, exposing the root and causing sensitivity.انحسار اللثةGingivitisSuperficial gum inflammation causing redness and bleeding; fully reversible with cleaning and care.التهاب اللثةHalitosisUnpleasant breath, most often from bacteria on the tongue, calculus and gum disease.رائحة الفم الكريهةImpacted toothA tooth unable to fully erupt due to lack of space or angulation — most often…السن المطمورPericoronitisInflammation of the gum flap over a partially erupted wisdom tooth.التهاب حول ضرس العقلPeriodontal pocketA deepened space between tooth and gum harbouring calculus and bacteria, measured in millimetres.جيب اللثةPeriodontitisAdvanced gum disease destroying bone and ligament around teeth, which may cause loosening.التهاب دواعم السنPulpitisInflammation of the dental pulp, usually from deep decay, causing pain often worse at night.التهاب العصبTemporomandibular disorderPain, clicking or limited opening due to problems in the TMJ or chewing muscles.اضطراب مفصل الفكWisdom toothThe third molar, usually erupting between ages 17 and 21 and often impacted.ضرس العقلXerostomiaReduced saliva from medications or disease, increasing decay risk.جفاف الفم🛠️ Treatments & procedures
ApicoectomyMinor surgery removing an infected root tip when root canal treatment is not enough.قطع ذروة الجذرBone graftAdding bone material to rebuild deficient bone before or during implant placement.التطعيم العظميComposite fillingA tooth-coloured resin filling bonded to the tooth and light-cured.الحشوة التجميلية (الكومبوزيت)Fissure sealantA thin coating over molar grooves to prevent decay — ideal for children after first molars…السدّ الوقائي للشقوقFluorideA mineral that strengthens enamel against acid; found in toothpaste and some water supplies.الفلورايدFluoride varnishA concentrated fluoride coating applied by the dentist to reduce decay in children.ورنيش الفلورايدFrenectomyA simple procedure releasing a tight tongue or lip frenum.قص اللجامGingivectomyRemoving or reshaping gum tissue to treat overgrowth or improve the smile.قص اللثةLocal anaesthesiaAn injected anaesthetic numbing a specific area for hours, such as lidocaine or articaine.التخدير الموضعي (البنج)Night guardA clear mouthguard worn at night to protect teeth from grinding.واقي الأسنان الليليOsseointegrationDirect bonding of bone to the implant surface over months — the basis of implant success.الالتحام العظميPulpotomyRemoving the inflamed coronal pulp while keeping root pulp — common in baby teeth.بتر اللبRoot canal treatmentCleaning out inflamed or dead pulp, disinfecting and filling the canals to save the tooth.علاج العصبScaling and root planingRemoving calculus and bacteria below the gum line and smoothing roots to treat gum disease.التنظيف العميق (كحت الجذور)Sinus liftLifting the maxillary sinus membrane and adding bone to allow upper back implants.رفع الجيب الأنفيTooth extractionRemoval of a tooth under local anaesthesia, simple or surgical.خلع السن👑 Restorations & cosmetic dentistry
AbutmentThe connector between an implant and the crown on top.الدعامةAll-on-4A technique for a full fixed arch supported by four implants.الأسنان الثابتة على 4 زرعاتDental bondingAdding tooth-coloured resin directly to fix chips, gaps or shape with minimal drilling.الترميم التجميلي بالكومبوزيتDental bridgeA fixed replacement for a missing tooth anchored on crowned neighbouring teeth.الجسرDental crownA cap covering the whole tooth to protect and restore it, made of zirconia or porcelain.التلبيسة (التاج)Dental implantA titanium artificial root placed in the jawbone to support a crown, bridge or denture.زرعة الأسنانDental veneerA thin ceramic shell bonded to the front of a tooth to change its colour or…الفينير (القشور)DentureA removable replacement for several or all teeth.طقم الأسنانDigital smile designPlanning the smile digitally using photos and measurements before treatment.التصميم الرقمي للابتسامةGummy smileExcess gum showing when smiling, treated by gum contouring or Botox depending on the cause.الابتسامة اللثويةHollywood smileA popular term for aesthetic veneers or crowns on front teeth for an even, white smile.ابتسامة هوليوودImplant-supported dentureA denture anchored on two or more implants for better stability.طقم مثبت على زرعاتInlay / OnlayA lab-made restoration bonded into or onto part of a tooth, stronger than a filling.الحشوة المصنّعة (إنلاي/أونلاي)Lithium disilicate (E.max)A highly aesthetic glass-ceramic used for veneers and front crowns.الإيماكسPartial dentureA removable appliance replacing some teeth, held by clasps on remaining teeth.الطقم الجزئيPost and coreA post placed in a root-treated tooth to build a base for a crown.الوتد والقلبTeeth whiteningLightening natural tooth colour with bleaching agents under dental supervision.تبييض الأسنانZirconiaA very strong, natural-looking ceramic used for crowns, bridges and abutments.الزيركون😁 Orthodontics
BracesBrackets bonded to teeth with a wire that moves them gradually.التقويم الثابتClear alignersRemovable clear trays changed periodically to move teeth.التقويم الشفافCrossbiteA bite where upper teeth sit behind the lower teeth instead of in front.العضة المعكوسةDeep overbiteExcessive vertical overlap of the upper incisors over the lower incisors.العضة العميقةDental crowdingInsufficient space causing teeth to overlap or rotate.ازدحام الأسنانMalocclusionMisalignment of the teeth or jaws when biting, treated orthodontically.سوء الإطباقOpen biteFront teeth do not meet when biting, sometimes linked to thumb sucking.العضة المفتوحةOrthodonticsThe dental specialty correcting the alignment of teeth and jaws.تقويم الأسنانOverjetThe horizontal distance between upper and lower incisors; when large, teeth look protruding.بروز الأسنان الأماميةRetainerA fixed or removable appliance worn after orthodontics to prevent relapse.المثبّتSpace maintainerA small appliance holding the space of an early-lost baby tooth until the adult tooth erupts.حافظ المسافةAmalgam fillingA durable metal filling largely replaced by tooth-coloured fillings.الحشوة الفضية (الأملغم)ArticaineA 4% local anaesthetic with good bone diffusion, widely used in dentistry.الأرتيكائينBitewing X-rayA radiograph showing upper and lower crowns together to detect decay between teeth.أشعة العضةCone beam CT3D imaging of the jaws used to plan implants and surgery precisely.التصوير المقطعي ثلاثي الأبعادDental impressionAn accurate copy of the teeth, conventional or digital, used to make crowns and appliances.طبعة الأسنانDental X-rayLow-dose radiographs revealing decay, bone and roots.أشعة الأسنانGlass ionomerA fluoride-releasing filling material used in children, temporary fillings and root areas.الزجاج الشارديGutta-perchaThe rubber-like material used to fill root canals.الكوتا بيركاIntraoral scannerA camera capturing a 3D digital impression instead of traditional putty.الماسح الضوئي الفمويLidocaineThe most common dental local anaesthetic, usually 2% with epinephrine.الليدوكائينPanoramic X-rayA single image showing all teeth, both jaws and the joints.الأشعة البانوراميةPeriapical X-rayA small radiograph showing a whole tooth, its root and surrounding bone.الأشعة الذرويةRubber damA rubber sheet isolating the tooth during treatment, important in root canal therapy.الحاجز المطاطي✨ Skin & hair aesthetics
Acne scarsPits or textural changes after acne, treated with peels, microneedling and more.ندبات حب الشبابAlopecia areataPatchy, round hair loss caused by an autoimmune process.الثعلبة البقعيةAndrogenetic alopeciaHereditary, hormone-related hair loss graded by the Norwood (men) and Ludwig (women) scales.الصلع الوراثيBotulinum toxinInjected in small doses to relax muscles and soften expression lines; lasts 3–4 months.البوتوكسChemical peelApplying a solution that removes superficial skin layers to renew skin and fade pigmentation.التقشير الكيميائيCollagenThe protein giving skin firmness and elasticity; production falls with age.الكولاجينDark circlesUnder-eye darkness from genetics, pigmentation, thin skin or hollowing.الهالات السوداءDermal fillerAn injectable gel adding volume or definition to lips, cheeks and jawline.الفيلرDonor areaThe back and sides of the scalp providing follicles resistant to pattern baldness.المنطقة المانحةDynamic wrinklesLines formed by muscle movement such as frowning or smiling; they respond well to Botox.تجاعيد التعبيرFitzpatrick scaleClassification of skin types I–VI by sun response, used to choose lasers and peels.مقياس فيتزباتريكFollicular unit extractionA hair transplant technique extracting follicles one by one from the donor area.زراعة الشعر بتقنية الاقتطافHyaluronic acidA natural skin molecule that holds water; the basis of most fillers and skin boosters.حمض الهيالورونيكHyaluronidaseAn enzyme that dissolves hyaluronic-acid filler to correct results or treat complications.إنزيم إذابة الفيلرHyperhidrosisExcessive sweating of the underarms or palms, treatable with Botox for months.فرط التعرّقInjection lipolysisInjecting a substance that breaks down fat cells in small areas such as the double chin.إبر تذويب الدهونKeloidA thick raised scar extending beyond the original wound, more common in darker skin.الجدرة (الندبة البارزة)Lip blushA treatment enhancing lip colour and freshness without adding volume.توريد الشفاهMasseter muscleThe main chewing muscle at the jaw angle; Botox here slims the jaw and reduces grinding.العضلة الماضغةMelasmaBrown facial pigmentation worsened by sun, hormones and pregnancy; common in olive skin.الكلفMesotherapySuperficial injections of vitamins and nutrients into skin or scalp.الميزوثيرابيMicroneedlingTiny needle punctures stimulating collagen to improve texture and acne scars.الوخز بالإبر الدقيقةNasolabial foldThe line running from the side of the nose to the mouth corner, deepening with age.خط الضحكPlatelet-rich plasmaA portion of the patient's blood rich in growth factors, injected to strengthen hair and renew…البلازما الغنية بالصفائحPost-inflammatory hyperpigmentationDark marks after acne, inflammation or a procedure, more common in darker skin.التصبغ بعد الالتهابRetinolA vitamin A derivative speeding skin renewal; increases sun sensitivity.الريتينولSkin boosterSuperficial injections of hyaluronic acid and nutrients to hydrate skin from within.معززات البشرةStatic wrinklesLines present at rest from collagen loss, often treated with fillers or collagen stimulators.التجاعيد الثابتةSubmental fatFat under the chin causing a "double chin".الغبغبSunscreen (SPF)A product protecting skin from UV rays; SPF indicates protection from burning.واقي الشمسTear troughThe groove between the lower eyelid and cheek; deepening gives a tired look.تجويف تحت العينTelogen effluviumTemporary diffuse shedding after illness, childbirth, crash dieting or stress.التساقط الكربيThread liftDissolvable threads placed under the skin to lift tissue and stimulate collagen.خيوط الشد📚 General terms
Dental anxietyFear or anxiety that makes people delay care; explanation, good anaesthesia and short visits help.الخوف من طبيب الأسنانEndodontistA dentist specialising in pulp and root canal treatment.أخصائي علاج العصبFDI notationThe international two-digit system: quadrant then tooth, e.g. 36 = lower left first molar.ترقيم FDIInformed consentThe patient's agreement to treatment after a clear explanation of the procedure, alternatives and risks.الموافقة المستنيرةOral surgeonA dentist specialising in surgical extractions, implants and jaw surgery.جرّاح الفمPalmer notationUses numbers 1–8 with a quadrant symbol; common in orthodontics.ترقيم بالمرPediatric dentistA dentist specialising in children's dental care and development.طبيب أسنان الأطفالPeriodontistA dentist specialising in gum disease, supporting bone and implants.أخصائي اللثةProsthodontistA dentist specialising in crowns, bridges, dentures and replacing missing teeth.أخصائي التعويضاتSterilizationKilling all microorganisms on instruments, typically by autoclave, between patients.التعقيمUniversal numbering systemNumbers permanent teeth 1–32 and primary teeth A–T; used in the USA.الترقيم العالمي (الأمريكي)